I read a message today on the Vine retelling an old urban legend which supposedly "proves" that socialism doesn't work using the metaphor of a teacher who gives an average grade to a whole class.
The story told by the message on the Vine is one I have heard before. It goes like this. A teacher is said to have offered a "deal" to an entire class. The teacher says he will give the entire class the average grade received on tests. That way, no one wins and no one loses. In other words (according to the message) "socialism". The message concludes with the claim that the good students stopped working and and poor students never did, so the entire class failed. Ayn Rand turned this simple idea into a whole series of books.
Leaving aside the whole discussion that this simple idea certainly doesn't describe socialism and people don't act that way even if it did, this simplistic story started me thinking about what is wrong with capitalism.
One glaring problem with America, and indeed the world these days is that the rich really are getting richer at an accelerating rate. The middle class is literally being destroyed by the 1%. Everybody else is being pushed into poverty.
As my bio states, I'm a techie. I tend to think of things in mathematical terms and that's the way I understand why this happens. Being rich means that you have more money than you need for the basics of life: "excess wealth". Because you don't live from paycheck to paycheck, you can invest your excess wealth and get even more wealth. So, in simple mathematical terms, once somebody gets a little wealthy - for whatever reason - they can use the excess capital to gain an advantage over the people with less wealth and get even more wealthy.
This very simplistic model leaves out a lot. But it still illustrates an important principal. All other things being equal, once somebody gets ahead, that person has an advantage in being able to stay ahead. None of this depends on hard work, intelligence, human nature or any other "equalizing" factor. It's just pure math.
Since I'm a techie, so decided to see if I could whip together a fast computer program that would demonstrate this principal. And I did. Here's the way it looks:

This program, a very simple version of the computer models that economists use, simply starts with four players with the same wealth: $1000. Everybody has fixed living expenses of $100 per "round" - you can think of it as a day or week or whatever ... this is a model, not real life.
In each round, the fixed expenses are subtracted from wealth and then a completely random (uniform distribution in this case for the techies who might read this) percentage of current wealth is added.
I was amazed to discover that when even this simple model is run, one player really does get richer while the rest just stagnate. Which player gets rich is random. It just depends on which one is lucky enough to get ahead first. In the example run shown below, Player2 has wealth of about 3 billion dollars after fifty rounds while the other 3 are struggling just to get by. Just like real life!!!!

This is one of the main reasons that governments exist.



